persuasive writing

Hi this is Wardah with another blog post on persuasive writing on country living is good for young people 
here is what i wrote

curiosity topic

i wonder why do people dream about certain things 

Not all dreaming is the same. It runs the gamut of human experience and sometimes beyond, incorporating a dizzying range of emotions and events, often with elements of the bizarre. Dreams can be funny, frightening, sad or strange.  Flying dreams can be exciting , chasing dreams can be terrifying, forgot-to-study-for-my-exam dreams can be stressful.

There are types of dreams classification  like nightmares, recurring dreams and lucid dreams. 

Here are some brief points on each of the dreams:

NIGHTMARE:

• is defined as frightening dreams that cause some awakening  people from sleep. 
• Nightmares can result from different triggers, including stress, emotional upheaval, and traumatic experiences. 
• They can occur as side effects of some medications, use and abuse of drugs and alcohol, and illness. 
• Nightmares themselves contribute to disrupted sleep not only by waking the sleeper, but also because they can lead to fear of falling asleep and returning to a disturbing dream. 

RECURRING DREAMS:

• are dreams that re-appear with some pattern of regularity. 
• Studies suggest that recurring dreams may contain more threatening content than regular dreams.
•  Research suggests links between recurring dreams and psychological distress
•  in both adults and children.

LUCID DREAMS :

• are an especially fascinating form of dream.
•  In lucid dreams, the dreamer is aware of the fact that he or she is dreaming, and often can manipulate or control the dream as it unfolds. 
• Research links lucid dreaming to unusually elevated levels of brain activity. 
• Studies have found that lucid dreamers displayed significantly higher
•  brain wave frequencies than non-lucid dreamers, as well as increased activity
•  in parts of the frontal lobe.
•  This area of the brain is deeply involved with conscious awareness, a sense of self, as well as language and memory. 
• Studies of lucid dreams are not only shedding light on the mechanics of dreaming, but also on the neural underpinnings of consciousness itself.

curiosity topic

I WONDER WHERE DO CAMELS COME FROM ?

from this website I have learnt that according to a study published today in Nature Communications, researchers have evidence that camels lived all the way up in Canada’s northernmost territory, now home to polar bears, grey wolves and caribou. Far from feeling out of place, camels were ideally suited for the region’s harsh winters and incredibly, the same features that helped them withstand the cold would later help their successors brave the desert.

Before the latest find,researchers unearthed 30 bone fragments between 0.5 and 3 inches long. “It took three field seasons to recover all of the bones that we currently have,” said Natalia Rybczynski of the Canadian Museum of Nature, who led the expedition.Once the fragments were assembled like puzzle pieces, a cloven-hoofed limb resembling those of ancient camels began to take shape. Next, researchers used a technique known as collagen fingerprinting to analyze connective tissue from the bones, which they then compared to Yukon camel specimens and modern dromedaries. The tests confirmed that the fossilized shards probably came from an Arctic camel.

 judging by the size of its leg, scientists concluded that the Arctic camel was about 30 percent larger than today’s desert varieties. Otherwise.  “For example, the wide, flat feet that are useful for walking on sand could also have been useful for walking on snow. In addition, the hump serves as fat storage, so this could have been essential for an animal that would have to survive a long, dark, cold winter. In addition, camels have very large eyes that could also be suitable for seeing in low light.”So which came first, the desert dweller or the winter warrior? Despite their strong association with the Middle East and Africa, camels actually originated in North America some 45 million years ago. Between 3 and 5 million years ago, they crossed the Bering land bridge to Eurasia and eventually migrated south. They also ambled down to South America, where they evolved into llamas and alpacas.

science

10 may 2018

Making Salt

AIM- to produce sodium chloride salt by carring out neutralisation reaction.  

EQUIPMENT- 50 mL beakers,dilute HCI (hydrchloric acid),dilute NaOH (sodim hydrxiode),25 mL measuring cylinder,a glass stirring rod,spotting tile,universal indicator solution,tripod,gauze mat,bunsen burner,evapourating basin.

METHOD-

1. using the mesuring cylinder measure 10 mL of HCI and pour it into your 50 mL beaker

2. every 10-15 drops stop adding the NaHO and use the glasss stirring rod to transfer a drop of the solution to a spotting tile.Test its pH using universal indicator.

3. keep adding NaHO and testing the solution by repeating step 2.As you get closer to neutral you may need to tes the solution after every drop.

4. pour the neutral solution into an evapourating basin and evaporate the water out of the solution using the equipment set up shonwn above.

observation-

The vapour from the water turned the neutral solution to small particles of salt

May 24, 2018 

Testing for Hydrogen Gas
Metals and Acid 

AIM- to show the hydrogen gas is produced when metal reacts with acid 

EQUIPMENT- A test tube, Bunsen burner, wooden splint, a bottle o acid, a piece of metal, safety glasses.

METHOD-

1. light your bunsen burner 
2. add your sample of metal to your test tube. Add 2mL of acid 
3. carefully invert the boiling tube above the test tube containing the metal and acid.
4. hold the test tubes together  for a few minutes, allowing time for the invert boiling tube to fill with gas.
5. when you think the tube is full, your lab partner should light a wooden splint .
6. carefully,but quickly tilt the boiling tube full of gas upwards and insert the burning splint into the mouth of the test tube.

OBSERVATION-we poured acid in a test tube approximately 2mL  and magnesium metal.We lit the wooden splint and



MAY 25,2018

metals and oxygen

making a metal oxide

AIM- to make a metal oxide and observe the difference in properties of the product compared to the reactants.
EQUIPMENT-  a piece of magnesium, bunsen burner, safety glasses, metal scissors tongs.
light your bunsen burner
hold your piece magnesium in the scissors tongs. Ensure your holding onto the very tip of the magnesium
place the other end of the magnesium into the bunsen flame(at the top of the blue flame).
when the magnesium begins to burn, do not look directly at it, as the light emitted can permanently damage your eyes
OBSERVATIONS-
                              before                                           after
magnesium-          metallic luster                                 bright white light
iron -                     metallic luster                                 black
copper-                  bronze                                           dark purple/black

Metal carbonates and acid

AIM-to show that carbon dioxide gas is produced when a metal Carbonate reacts with acid

EQUIPMENT-two boiling tubes,delivery tube and bung,bBunse burner,test tube rack,wooden splint,a bottle of acid,small amount of metal Carbonate,test tube tongs, safety glasses.

METHOD-

1. Light your bunsen burner
2. Add pea sized amount of the metal Carbonate into one of the boiling tubes
3. Place this boiling tube into a test tube rack. Ensure you have the bung and the delivery tube ready
4. Add 5ml of acid to the boiling tube and quickly insert the bung and delivery  tube into the mouth of the boiling tube 
5. holding the boiling tube with your tongs, capture the gas produced as shown in the diagram

6. when 

Observation

It got extinguished,Co2 was present and the Lime water + calcium Hydroxide Solution turned from colour less to cloudy

MAY 31st 2018

HOW TO MAKE HOKEY POKEY

AIM-to make hokey pokey and eat it

you will need

50g of sugar

1 tsp of water

1 table spoon of golden syrup

1/2 tsp of bicarbonate of soda

METHOD

1. put of the ingredient except the bicarbonate of soda into a saucepan and place on low heat 
2. stir until all the sugar has dissolved.raise the heat slightly so that it bubbles, and stir occasionally until you cannot feel any sugar at the bottom of the pan 
3. take off the heat 
4. add the bicarbonate of soda and stir
5. watch what happens - it should all froth up with bubbles in the pan 
6. pour out into your tinfoil sheet 
7. allow to cool 

OBSERVATIONS -it froth up with bubbles in the pan. carbonate reacted with carbon dioxide we tracked that in the golden syrup

01 June 2018

corrosion

Investigating rusting

AIM- to investigate the factors that cause rusting iron

EQUIPMENT- six test tubes,test tube rack, a bung, four iron nails, boiled water, tap water, salty water,cooking oil , calcium chloride.

METHOD-

1. label four test tubes A-D and place in a test tube rack 
2. test tube contents: A= iron nail and tap water                                                                                                               B= iron nail and salty water                                                                                                             C=iron nail ,boiled water + oil                                                                                                         D=iron  nail and calcium chloride. sealed with a bung                                                                     E= Mg ribbon wrapped around it                                                                                                     F=nail polish 
3. leave the test tubes undisturbed for at least three days 

BEFORE  

OBSERVATION-

Test tube	Conditions present or absent	Observation
A	Tap water	Rusting
B	Salt water	Slightly rusty
C	Calcium chloride	No rust
D	Oil and water	No rust
E	Nail polish	No rust
F	Mg ribbon wrapped around	Slightly rusty

AFTER  

CONCLUSION- 
rusting of iron requires water and oxygen. when either of these are removed, no rusting occurs.salt speeds up the process of rusting.

neutralisation

may 4 2018.

Neutralisation

AIM:to observe a neutralisation reaction

EQUIPMENT: a test tube,test tube rack,1 mol L-1 Na₂CO₃ (sodium carbonate), 1 mol L-1 HCI (hydrochloric acid),dropper or dropper bottle,universal indicator solution.
METHOD: add approxmately 1-2 mL of Na₂CO₃ and place the test tube into the test rack.Add 3-5 drops  of universal indicator solution.
using a dropper bottlel, HCIdrop by drop.be careful because adding even a small ammount of extra acid can mean you'll miss the neutralisation point 
OBSERVATION: in this experiment we used sulfuric acid as the acid  and ammonium Hydroxide as the base.
At first test tube we added few drops of acid,1-2drops of ammonium Hydroxide and 2 drops of universal indicator.The reaction was was dark red a pH of 1 .
the second test tube we added 2 drops of acid and few drops of base and 2 drops of universal indicators. the reaction was green a oh of 7

 

spaghetti ball

05 June 2018

Spaghetti ball

+ positive- we completed on time
              worked as a time

- negative - there isn't one

*next time - maybe i can eat


meal planning
ingredients

oil
onion
garlic
mince
1/2 tsp salt
400g can tomatoes chopped
                                                                2 Tbl can tomatoes paste
                                                                1/2 spaghetti noodles 
price

oil =500ml bottles =$1.99
onion =kg =$2.49
garlic =185g = $2.49
mince =250g=$8.00
salt =lkg =$1.40
tomatoes =$2.09
noodles = 500g =$0.95

time

40 mins cooking time
40-45 mins purchase time

occasion

lunch and dinner
anniversary
get together

nutrients

spaghetti- calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat and fiber
veges-calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat ,fiber ,potassium ,iron, magnesium & vitamins
meat- protein,fat,fiber

curiosity topic

I WONDER WHO DISCOVERED COFFEE

According to legend, ancestors of today's Oromo people in a region of Kaffa in Ethiopia were believed to have been the first to recognize the energizing effect of the coffee plant,though no direct evidence has been found indicating where in Africa coffee grew or who among the native populations might have used it as a stimulant or even known about it, earlier than the 17th century,The story of Kaldi, the 9th-century Ethiopian goatherd who discovered coffee when he noticed how excited his goats became after eating the beans from a coffee plant, did not appear in writing until 1671 and is probably apocryphal.

Other accounts attribute the discovery of coffee to Sheikh Omar. According to an ancient chronicle (preserved in the Abd-Al-Kadir manuscript), Omar, who was known for his ability to cure the sick through prayer, was once exiled from Mocha in Yemen to a desert cave near Ousab (modern-day Wusab, about 90 km east of Zabid). Starving, Omar chewed berries from nearby shrubbery but found them to be bitter. He tried roasting the seeds to improve the flavor, but they became hard. He then tried boiling them to soften the seed, which resulted in a fragrant brown liquid. Upon drinking the liquid Omar was revitalized and sustained for days. As stories of this "miracle drug" reached Mocha, Omar was asked to return and was made a saint. From Ethiopia, the coffee plant was introduced into the Arab World through Egypt and Yemen.

this makes me wonder why coffee is bitter?